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Women answer moral questions from their relational understanding of others, says Carol Gilligan.
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CAROL GILLIGAN:
In 2002, Carol Gilligan became a professor at New York University, with affiliations in the Law School, the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. She currently teaches a seminar at the School of Law on resisting injustice and an advanced research seminar on The Listening Guide method of psychological inquiry. She is a visiting professor at the University of Cambridge, affiliated with the Center for Gender Studies and Jesus College.
She received a bachelor's degree in English literature from Swarthmore College, a master's degree in clinical psychology from Radcliffe College, and a Ph.D. in social psychology from Harvard University. His seminal book In A Different Voice (1982) is described by Harvard University Press as "the little book that started a revolution." After In A Different Voice, she launched the Harvard Project on the Psychology of Women and Girls' Development and co-wrote or edited 5 books with her students.
She received a Spencer Foundation Senior Research Award, a Grawemeyer Award for her contributions to education, a Heinz Award for her contributions to understanding the human condition, and was named by Time Magazine as one of 25 most influential Americans.
She was a member of the Harvard faculty for more than 30 years and in 1997 became Harvard's first professor of gender studies, holding the Patricia Albjerg Graham Chair.
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TRANSCRIPTION:
Question: How do women differ from men when it comes to moral dilemmas?
Carol Gilligan: Well, women started with a simple premise, which was that we live in relationships with each other and it was essentially a relational response to people, so the idea of a a sort of isolated individual, standing alone, looking at the sky for a sort of eternity. whether it was continental principles or whatever, it was like "no-no-no, look around you", it's like you're living on a trampoline and if we take, if we move, it affects a whole bunch of people. So you have to be very aware of those relationships, so it wasn't like the women were taking it the other way, they were questioning the whole paradigm, not exquisitely, but in both cases impressively. I remember I was teaching a section of this course, where they talked about moral dilemmas. If you were in a lifeboat, did you jump this sort of thing? So anyway, the Vietnam War was going on and students were being drafted. In my section, we tried to talk about the war and the students didn't want to talk about it. I thought it was very interesting, especially the men, and the reason I realized was that their decisions about the world would be based not only on the timeless principles of just and unjust war , but also about how their actions would affect the people they love. and caring about their family, it could be a romantic relationship or something like that and they knew that caring about relationships was being like a woman. So they didn't want to say it, but they also had enough integrity to not want to misrepresent themselves. So I remember as a teaching, I moved. We read Camus' novel The "Plague" which feels like you suddenly find yourself in the middle of the city and the plague comes even then he wasn't responsible for it, what was your responsibility to others who suffer, and I remember It was great, because we're in this long discussion about this novel "The Plague" and one of the students said that was the preliminary dilemma and then we really started to talk about. So I knew that these theories which represented man as thinking only abstractly, if they were morally mature and understood why they also did not reflect the lives of men, but it was after that time when one heard women's voices. I have to point this out because in this study that we interviewed in South Boston street clinics and university health services, we had the largest number of women's voices, a very diverse range…
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