Irish Origins The Genetic History of Ireland

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Irish Origins The Genetic History of Ireland
Irish Origins The Genetic History of Ireland
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The archaeological record of humans in Ireland begins at Castlepook Cave, County Clare, near the coastal city of Cork on the south coast. Here, a reindeer femur was discovered that radiocarbon dating identified as 33,000 years old. Originally excavated over a hundred years ago by naturalist Richard Usher in a place he called Mammoth Cave (due to the abundance of mammoth bones found there) between 1904 and 1912, the bone of reindeer was recently re-examined with modern techniques and technologies and found to possess clear signs of butchery. This is the first specimen indicating human habitation in Ireland. But this does not prove continuous habitation. Sea levels have changed dramatically over the centuries, sometimes exposing land bridges to the British Isles that early migrants may have only crossed seasonally. Others could have reached the Irish coast by boat when the sea was much shallower. Later immigrants almost certainly arrived in waves from the north, east, and south, adding layer upon layer to the societies and cultures that already existed there.

The first entries of human specimens in Ireland currently listed on haplogroup.info are two DNA samples: one is a Mesolithic specimen from a cave in Limerick whose haplotype U5 roughly matches the Gravettian culture and whose genetics indicate he might have black skin and brown hair. , and blue eyes. And another sample from the Gravettian era that was found near Galway, an older relative of Cheddar Man, the famous specimen from Somerset, England, dating back 9,000 years ago.

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