Chapter
00:00 Presentation
00:25 Ancient history
01:15 From the Grand Duchy of Moscow to the Russian Empire (1283 – 1917)
02:31 The rise and fall of the Soviet Union (1922-1991)
04:50 Russian Federation (since 1991)
The history of Russia dates back to the people called “Slavs”.
In 862, the first East Slavic state, known as the State of Russia, was founded and ruled by the Viking Oleg of Novgorod, with kyiv as its capital.
In the 13th century, the Mongols invaded Kievan Russia and founded the Golden Horde, with the principalities of Russia as vassals.
In 1480, Moscow gained independence from Mongol rule, forming the Grand Duchy of Moscow or Muscovy. In 1547, Ivan IV, or Ivan the Terrible, became the first tsar (emperor) of Russia, transforming the Grand Duchy of Moscow into the Tsarism of Russia.
From 1551 to 1700, Russia transformed into the Russian Empire in 1721 under the reign of Peter the Great. The following century witnessed the expansion of the empire, spanning three continents: Europe, Asia and North America.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War paved the way for the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the Soviet Union.
Under the rule of Joseph Stalin, the country transformed from a peasant society to a military and industrial power.
On September 1, 1939, World War II broke out between the Allied and Axis powers.
On May 8, 1945, after the fall of Berlin to Soviet troops and Hitler's suicide, Germany surrendered unconditionally, marking the end of the war in Europe.
After the war, the Soviet Union formed various Soviet satellite states and became a superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War which lasted for almost half a century.
In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the Soviet leader, and was elected president in 1990. In December 1991, following the Communist Party's failed coup against Gorbachev, the Soviet Union was dissolved and Gorbachev resigned .
After the dissolution, all Soviet republics became fully independent post-Soviet states. Of these, Russia, or the Russian Federation, became known as the principal internationally recognized de facto successor state to the Soviet Union.
In 2014, following the Ukrainian revolution, war broke out between Russia and Ukraine.
On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, escalating the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war.
What do you think was the decisive factor that led to the Russian-Ukrainian war?
Tell us in the comments section below.
Thank you for watching!
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