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The oldest known god in written history is generally considered to be Anu, the sky god, worshiped by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) around 4,000 BCE. Anu was part of the Sumerian group
pantheon and was later incorporated into the pantheon of other civilizations of the
region, like the Akkadians and the Babylonians. Anu was thought to be the father
of the gods and the ruler of the heavens.
It is important to note that there may have been older gods or deities worshiped by
prehistoric cultures that had no written records. Archaeological evidence
suggests that religious beliefs and practices existed long before the invention of
in writing. However, with no written record, it is Anu and her daughter Ishtar, the morning star, who appear at the beginning.
The oldest known tablet or inscription mentioning the god Anu comes from
ancient Sumerian city of Uruk and dates back to around 2500 BCE. This tablet,
known as the King List of Uruk, is a historical document that lists the kings of Uruk in
chronological order. Among the names of the kings there is a reference to Anu,
indicating his importance as a deity during this period.
Additionally, Anu is mentioned in several other ancient Sumerian texts, such as
hymns, prayers and myths, which provide additional information about the role and
meaning of this god in Sumerian religious beliefs. These texts were written
clay tablets and have been discovered at various archaeological sites in
Mesopotamia, including the cities of Nippur, Ur and Eridu.
It should be noted that these inscriptions and tablets are the oldest known
references to Anu specifically, but it is likely that the worship of Anu predates
these written documents, perhaps over several centuries or more.
Anu is considered the god of the heavens and his name
is often translated as /"sky/" or /"firmament./" Although the word AN is interchangeable with the word logogram for the word GOD /"diĝir/
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