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A note on terminology:
Where possible, we use names of specific tribes or nations. When addressing larger groups of Native peoples of the American Plains, we occasionally use the term "Indian" because it legally refers to indigenous peoples of the contiguous United States and carries considerable legal weight with regard to treaties between the United States and the American Indians. As such, the term also serves to narrow the scope of this video, which is the plight of the Plains Native Nations in the 19th century facing the U.S. government; the indigenous peoples of the plains further north and their relationship with the Canadian government would be a video for another day. To learn more about this topic, visit the Smithsonian's Museum of the American Indian FAQ section: https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/faq/did-you-know
SOURCES:
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Frazier, Ian. “Another vision of the black elk.” The New Yorker, December 26, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/another-vision-of-black-elk.
Hämäläinen Pekka. Lakota America: A New History of Native Power. Yale University Press, 2019.
“Interviews and Statements by Chief Henry Oscar One Bull.” University of Oklahoma Libraries, https://digital.libraries.ou.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CampbellWS/id/2903.
Lapointe, Ernie. Sitting Bull: His Life and Legacy. 1st ed., Gibbs Smith, 2009.
Morgan, TJ vol. 1, United States Office of Indian Affairs, 1891, pp. 180-181, Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1891. Excerpts from the verbatim stenographic report of the council held by the Sioux delegations with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, in Washington, February 11. , 1891.
Philbrick, Nathaniel. Custer's Last Stand, Sitting Bull and the Battle of Little Big Horn. Vintage Books, 2011. Pratt, Richard. 1892, p. 46-59, Official Report of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of Charities and Corrections, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/n/ncosw/ACH8650.1892.001?rgnmain;viewfulltext.
“The Surrender of Joseph.” Harper's Weekly, November 17, 1877, p. 906, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?idmdp.39015038634450&view1up&seq1&skin2021.
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