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We've all been there. We spend a pleasant time watching the clouds pass by and making shapes out of them. look, this one looks like Pikachu……. when yes, all of a sudden a weird demon nun jumps on you. Sorry if that scared you.
We all fear and feel fear, maybe not like this example, but at different times. Seeing a spider, a loud noise, or a creaking sound on a floorboard late at night can suddenly trigger fear in our bodies. But what is this feeling of fear, where does it come from and why do we have it?
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The feeling of fear can make your heart race, your breathing quicken, you scream, you sweat, your pupils dilate, you freeze in place, and even cause involuntary urination.
These are all stress reactions caused by our limbic system, a chain reaction in areas of the brain that work together to control our built-in "fight or flight" response. We have this within us to help us respond and survive threats. Imagine a prehistoric primitive confronting a predator, say the extinct giant flesh-eating gherkin. You would see this, and your brain would tell you, look, who wants to eat you, get away from it now to survive. Without feeling fear, you could say "Hey Pickle-a-saurus, what's for lunch" and he would say "you" and gobble you up. Without fear, we probably would not have survived as a species.
Let's see how the brain has compartments that communicate to respond to a threat. There are two simultaneous processes that determine how we respond.
The Low Road is instinctive and impulsive, react now and ask questions later. When a perceived threat occurs, whether it is an unexpected sound, movement, or any other sense, the brain says “danger” and immediately engages in a fight or flight response.
The sensory stimulus is sent to the Thalamus, the area of the brain responsible for receiving initial sensory signals and relaying them to the next destination. Since the thalamus does not know if it is a real danger, but there is a possibility, it sends the signal directly to the amygdala which is the brain's alarm system. The amygdala sends a danger signal to the hypothalamus, also called the “lizard brain,” which is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of hormones. It responds and sends neurochemicals and hormones, including adrenaline, through the body, increasing things like breathing and heart rate, dilating the pupils to maximize the intake of additional visual information, and pumping out more blood in our muscles so that we are ready to run or fight.
The High Road takes a slightly longer route, considering the scenario before deciding what action to take. The original stimuli are again sent to the thalamus, but instead of passing them to the amygdala, they are sent to the sensory cortex, which processes and determines the meaning of the stimuli. What exactly did you see, hear, taste, smell or feel? It sends the collected information to the hippocampus, which stores the memory for more context and asks if it has had this experience before, what it meant at that time, and what the outcome was. It also takes into account other factors that might help put it in context. Is that noise my cat in the other room, did I leave the TV on, etc.? The hippocampus takes a measured approach and tells the inflamed amygdala whether to shut down and stop sending signals to the hypothalamus or continue fight or flight. reaction initiated by the low road. This is why we feel a moment of terror before calming down in a situation that we ultimately consider harmless.
#Halloween #fear #psychology
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