In the distant past, continents were not arranged as they are today. Blocks of land moved relative to each other, resulting in movements, collisions of continents, and the emergence of supercontinents that united almost all land masses.
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Pangea:
– The word /"Pangea/" comes from the Greek words Pan (which means /"all/") and Gaia (which means /"earth/"), which means /"all lands/". This name perfectly refers to the supercontinent, since Pangea was once a single land, since all the lands were then gathered in one place.
A supercontinent is a continent composed of most or all of Earth's land mass. The most recent supercontinent to include all of Earth's major landmasses and arguably the most famous was Pangea. Supercontinents have joined and split sporadically throughout Earth's geologic history.
Recall that the geological history of the Earth is a sequence of events in the development of the Earth as a planet. Among these events are the formation of rocks, the emergence and destruction of landforms, the advance and retreat of the seas, glacial periods, as well as the appearance and disappearance of species of living beings.
The most modern definition emphasizes that a supercontinent is a geological formation that, through its structure, affects the distribution of heat flows, air masses of the Earth, etc. It is a large structure, but it does not necessarily unite all the continental blocks.
In the distant past, all the continents formed a whole, the supercontinent Pangea. This immense continent began to form around 335 million years ago, during the Paleozoic period.
In the process of the formation of Pangea from older continents, mountain systems appeared at the places of their collision, some of them still exist today, for example, the Urals or the Appalachians.
These early mountains are much older than relatively young mountain systems such as the Alps in Europe, the Cordillera in North America, the Andes in South America or the Himalayas in Asia. Due to erosion over millions of years, the Urals and Appalachians are low mountains today.
Most of this supercontinent was concentrated in the southern hemisphere. The only ocean surrounding it was called /"Panthalassa/".
Life in Pangea was different from today. The climate was warmer and the flora and fauna were completely different.
Pangea split about 150 to 220 million years ago into two continents. The northern continent of Laurasia later split into Eurasia and North America, while the southern continent of Gondwana later gave rise to Africa, South America, India, Australia and Antarctica.
Supercontinents existed before, for example Rodinia, which disintegrated about 750 million years ago, and according to some predictions, in the future the continents will come together into a supercontinent called /"Pangea Ultima/" in about 250 millions of years, when Africa, America and Eurasia will collide.
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On the program today:
– 00:00 Presentation
– 3:51 What is a supercontinent?
– 9:11 The theory of continental drift
– 7:00 p.m. Proof of the existence of Pangea
– 27h10 How plate tectonics works
– 33:43 How was Pangea formed?
– 36:08 Why did Pangea separate?
– 45:06 How did the breakup of Pangea affect life on Earth?
– 48:00 What was the climate like at the time of Pangea?
– 53:02 The animal world at the time of Pangea
– 56:40 The plant world at the time of Pangea
– 1:00:13 Traces of a mass extinction
– 01:05:10 What would the Earth look like today if Pangea had not disintegrated?
– 01:08:18 What will the future terrestrial supercontinent look like?
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